Recognizing Early-Onset Alzheimer's: Symptoms and Risks in Adults Under 65
Alzheimer’s disease is often associated with older adults, but it can also affect people in their 40s and 50s. This form is known as early-onset Alzheimer’s, and while less common, it presents unique challenges. Early-onset accounts for about 5–10% of all Alzheimer’s cases, yet it is frequently misdiagnosed or overlooked due to the patient’s age.
Recognizing the signs early can lead to better outcomes, timely support, and a more accurate diagnosis.
Common Symptoms in Younger Adults
While memory loss is a hallmark symptom, early-onset Alzheimer’s may present with more subtle cognitive and behavioral changes. These can include:
- Difficulty managing work tasks or daily responsibilities
- Trouble with planning, organization, or problem-solving
- Repeating questions or forgetting conversations
- Mood changes, such as depression or irritability
- Getting lost in familiar places
- Difficulty with visual-spatial tasks or reading comprehension
Because many people under 65 are still working or raising families, these symptoms are often misattributed to stress, burnout, or mental health issues.
Risk Factors to Consider
Although the exact cause of early-onset Alzheimer’s isn’t fully understood, some individuals carry genetic mutations that increase their risk. These include mutations in the APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes. People with a strong family history of Alzheimer’s may be more likely to experience symptoms at a younger age.
Other risk factors include:
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Chronic cardiovascular conditions
- Autoimmune or inflammatory diseases
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Early identification allows individuals and families to plan for the future, explore clinical trials, and gain access to the right care and resources. It also opens the door to definitive testing options, like DISCERN™, which can help confirm whether symptoms are caused by Alzheimer’s or another condition.
Final Thoughts
Alzheimer’s isn’t just a disease of the elderly. For some, it starts in midlife. Understanding the early signs and acting quickly can make a critical difference. If you or someone you know is showing signs of cognitive change under age 65, don’t wait - get evaluated and seek clarity.